Titlebook: Security Dynamics in the Black Sea Region; Geopolitical Shifts Kornely Kakachia,Stephan Malerius,Stefan Meister Book 2024 The Editor(s) (i

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China as a Black Sea Actor: An Alternate Route,ack Sea region (BSR) connects, are no exceptions. That said, the region is only a part of a much larger scheme connecting China to Europe and the Middle East through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Following the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the BSR has become a hub for transit trade to an

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,Black Sea as a Battlefield: Ukraine’s Perspectives and Strategies in the Region,onflict for Ukraine due to Russia’s occupation and militarisation of Crimea, creeping occupation of the Sea of Azov and denial strategy in the Black Sea. This area has become an actual battlefield with Russia’s reinvasion in 2022. Ukraine has effectively employed asymmetric tactics in response to Ru

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,Russia’s War Against Ukraine: Its Impact on Romania’s Black Sea Policy, policy community in Bucharest, however, the Black Sea region has been the number one security concern for decades. This chapter explores Romania’s Black Sea policy’s development prior to and in the context of Russia’s full-scale invasion. Since becoming a member of NATO and the EU, Bucharest’s bipa

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Bulgaria Adapted to the Black Sea Security Challenges,t national populism. Russian propaganda and local proxies exploited the country’s vulnerability, strengthening the Kremlin’s geopolitical influence. The war in Ukraine revealed a hazardous scenario of hybrid threats. The situation has shown improvement after the prompt actions taken by the Kiril Pet

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