Titlebook: Sea Floor Exploration; Scientific Adventure Roger Hekinian Book 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 Deep Sea Resources.

沉积物

Hotspots,e source of hot mantle material (a “plume”) could have originated in the lower mantle, at the boundary of the molten Earth’s core at 2900 km depth. The mantle’s thermal flow ceases when attaining the colder and more rigid lithosphere boundary, less than 100 km deep. The rising of hot mantle plumes c

deriver

Subduction Zones,late. These “converging plate” areas are the locus of lithosphere shrinking and large amounts of tectonic activity. During convergence, one plate may slide under another plate; this is called “subduction”. Subduction plates sink into the Earth’s mantle as convergence takes place. Deep trenches, isla

光亮

不连贯

Diving into the Abysses,d submersibles first became a reality. Even if technology has advanced our capabilities, the spirit of underwater exploration has remained the same. Each dive into the unknown is a unique and exciting experience, bringing both joy and fear.

神圣在玷污

Hotspots,on top of spreading ridges such as the islands of Iceland and Jan-Mayen in the Atlantic or Amsterdam Island in the Indian Ocean. Many other hotspot volcanoes occur in the intra-plate regions of the world’s oceanic basins and form tall submarine or subaerial edifices rising more than 4000 m from the seafloor.

Chronic

灌溉

FADE

,Earth’s Mantle Melting and Volcanism,ith increased tension, the melting zone expands laterally and deepens until enough melt aggregates and accumulates in a confined zone to form a magma chamber. Rapid migration of melt through fissures at shallow depths enables a release of tension in the magmatic zone as it undergoes periods of melti

HEW

元音