Titlebook: Science in the Context of Application; Martin Carrier,Alfred Nordmann Book 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 Applied Research

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The Cognitive, Instrumental and Institutional Origins of Nanoscale Research: The Place of Biologyt name, we will argue that the substance of the field arose suddenly and completely unexpectedly in the course of a single decade. A variety of science emerged that is in some respects novel, being grounded in the combinatorial of new instruments, new materials and a new logic regarding the formulation of research questions.

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Book 2011ts problems only from nature and then produces technological applications, but that the very problems of scientific research themselves are generated by science and technology. Simultaneously, problems like global warming, the toxicology of nanoparticles, or the use of renewable energies are constit

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0068-0346 and goals of present day& ‘science‘.A comprehensive overvieWe increasingly view the world around us as a product of science and technology. Accordingly, we have begun to appreciate that science does not take its problems only from nature and then produces technological applications, but that the ve

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Science in the Context of Application: Methodological Change, Conceptual Transformation, Cultural Rodelling, and its technological ambitions to manage the complexities of highly developed societies have prompted claims to the effect that science as such has undergone a profound methodological and institutional transformation during the past decades. Application-oriented research is not the same a

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Knowledge, Politics, and Commerce: Science Under the Pressure of Practice research. This claims runs counter to a widespread sentiment that economically driven or “instrumental” research suffers from a decline in credibility and depth. Epistemic and application-driven research can be distinguished by their institutional research goals, which provide different stop-rules

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Between the Pure and Applied: The Search for the Elusive Middle Ground oriented. Although the distinction itself is sometimes difficult to apply in a precise way there are, nevertheless, clear examples in each category. More recently Carrier (2004) has introduced a more subtle way of thinking about the relationship between pure and applied science by formulating a dis

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Science in the Context of Industrial Application: The Case of the Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium1” and “Mode-2”. In the first place, it is made clear that such terms often had a rhetorical value rather than one that aims at explaining different research contents. In the second place it is shown that the normal use of those terms contains a confusion of dichotomies that needs to be disentangled

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Multi-Level Complexities in Technological Development: Competing Strategies for Drug Discoveryoteins, and the systems level of the effects of pharmacological intervention on the organism. Different development strategies in the recent history of early drug development can be understood as competing attempts at coming to grips with these multi-level complexities. Both rational drug design and

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