Titlebook: Russian Exceptionalism between East and West; The Ambiguous Empire Kevork Oskanian Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s

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,Conclusion: Beyond Empire’s Shadow,tionships with both the West and its subalterns. The chapter then examines policy implications stemming from the above: it suggests a combination of flexible containment, enlightened statecraft, and critical dialogue with Russia as preferable pathways towards transforming the former Soviet Union into a genuinely post-imperial region.

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Conceptualising an Empire in Between,e’ to have emerged in the literature, from formal conceptualisations in International Relations, to more ideational approaches found in the postcolonial Humanities literature. ‘Hybrid Exceptionalism’ will subsequently be placed within the debates of a relatively sparse, but growing body of literatur

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Hybrid Exceptionalism Under the Romanovs, discussing Russia’s pre-modern imperial expansion, and its initial encounter with Western early modernity, it examines how the resulting nineteenth-century debates on Russian identity—between Slavophiles and Westernisers—defined Russia’s civilising mission over its imperial borderlands. The chapter

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The Soviet Union as a Hybrid Civilising Project,and of separateness from a capitalist—and fascist—West, its universalist Marxist-Leninist project retained both hybrid and hierarchical features despite its stated anti-imperialism. This point will be argued through the evolving Marxist-Leninist ideological underpinnings from the pre-revolutionary t

Ethics

Hybrid Exceptionalism in Contemporary Russia,dentity crisis during the turbulent, but formative 1990s, it analyses the Putin regime’s current reformulation through its two main components: ‘feigned liberalism’—the distortive appropriation of liberal norms to hierarchical ends in a search for status; and a more openly civilisational component,

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,Conclusion: Beyond Empire’s Shadow,cholars and policymakers identify and facilitate potential moves away from more assertive claims to regional dominance. Cautioning both against the reification of Russian world views and expectations of sudden radical transformations, it proffers factors both extraneous and inherent to Hybrid Except