Titlebook: Road Pricing, the Economy and the Environment; Chris Jensen-Butler,Birgitte Sloth,Otto Anker Niel Book 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelb

参考书目

椭圆

,Road Pricing in Denmark — User Attitudes and User Reactions,grammes on this topic have been carried out. The pre-study FORTRIN (a feasibility study) has been followed by a real life test, namely the AKTA Road Pricing Experiment in Copenhagen. Here, the city was equipped with virtual cordon rings and pricing zones and 500 test drivers had a GPS-based device i

GNAW

A Cost-Minimisation Principle of Adaptation of Private Car Use in Response to Road Pricing Schemes,. It is argued that economic disincentives may activate car-use reduction or change goals in individuals and households. However, for car-use reduction or change goals to occur, other travel demand management measures are needed that make alternative travel options attractive. A review and classific

努力赶上

阴谋

The Impacts of e-Work and e-Commerce on Transport, the Environment and the Economy, work with the UK Department for Transport, it explores the various impacts of e-work (telework) and e-commerce on transport, the environment and land use. In an area where there is much speculation, the approach taken is to distinguish between empirical data and conjecture, showing where significan

PSA-velocity

,Road Pricing in Denmark — User Attitudes and User Reactions,ricing Experiment in Copenhagen. Here, the city was equipped with virtual cordon rings and pricing zones and 500 test drivers had a GPS-based device installed in their cars testing different road-pricing schemes. This paper describes the technology as well as attitudes and reactions of road users in both studies.

Lethargic

A Cost-Minimisation Principle of Adaptation of Private Car Use in Response to Road Pricing Schemes,n or change goals to occur, other travel demand management measures are needed that make alternative travel options attractive. A review and classification of these other measures is provided followed by an assessment of their potential effectiveness.

破布

The London Congestion Charging Scheme: The Evidence, of about −0.8 is greater than many other previous elasticity estimates. It is suggested that extending the Scheme to a larger area or applying a similar scheme to certain other cities may not be quite so successful.

异教徒

A Systems Approach to Modelling the Regional Economic Effects of Road Pricing,ricing are calculated. In the second step, changes in regional competitiveness affecting demand are calculated. In the final step, revenue from road pricing is re-entered in order to ensure institutional balance and the effects on production, income and employment are calculated.

Dendritic-Cells

The , Road Pricing Experiment in Copenhagen, have been expected to reduce changes, but the rather high amount of money involved (budget constraints) seems to be more important. Changes were analysed concerning the time of day, number of trips, average length of trips, costs of trips, etc. It appeared that km-based charging systems were more efficient than multi cordon-based.