Titlebook: Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction; C.J. van Leeuwen,T.G. Vermeire Textbook 2007Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) an

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Transport, Accumulation and Transformation Processes, risk assessment procedure. Once the concentrations in the various relevant environmental compartments are known or estimated, they can be compared with information on the hazards of a substance in that compartment. The relevant environmental compartments may be water, sediment, soil, air, or biota.

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Environmental Exposure Assessment,o assess the risks posed by new chemicals or new situations, modelling is the only option. Although it may seem natural to assume that measurement yields more certainty, this is not necessarily so. Chemical analyses are usually carried out on samples, taken at specific locations and times.

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Human Exposure Assessement,s provided on how to perform an exposure assessment for each of these human populations. This information pertains to the general principles, the data needed and how to perform the actual quantitative assessment, based on either measured or modelled data.

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Data:Needs, Availability, Sources and Evaluation,et (SIDS) for high production volume chemicals (see also Chapter 16). It is equally important to remember that it is not feasible to conduct complete and comprehensive testing on every chemical and therefore tiered approaches are needed to identify those chemicals which require further testing to guarantee safe use (see Chapter 11).

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Intelligent Testing Strategies,solution to the challenge of carrying out hazard and risk assessments on large numbers of chemicals. ITS (Figure 11.1) are integrated approaches comprising multiple elements aimed at speeding up the risk assessment process while reducing costs and animal tests [1].

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ce.Aimed at practical application of RA-methods.Includes supChemicals are used to make virtually every man-made regard to their production, formulation, use and disposal. product and play an important role in the everyday life It will provide a high level of protection of human health of people arou