Titlebook: Retroviruses; Strategies of Replic Ronald Swanstrom (Associate Professor of Biochemis Conference proceedings 1990 The Editor(s) (if applica

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Retrovirus Phylogeny and Evolution,lated to each other and to trace their evolutionary origins. There are two factors that complicate such studies, however. First, retroviruses, like other RNA viruses, mutate at a very rapid rate (. et al. 1982) and as a consequence evolve very rapidly. Second, retroviruses can recombine with each ot

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Integration of Retroviral DNA, 1984; . et al. 1984a; . and . 1984b; . and . 1985; . et al. 1984). Since retroviral DNA molecules are not ordinarily able to replicate autonomously as episomes, they depend upon integration for stable maintenance in dividing cells. Once integrated, the viral genome, or provirus, is transmitted as a

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The Structure and Function of Retroviral Long Terminal Repeats,rect repeat sequence, R, and duplicated to form a linear duplex molecule with long terminal repeats (LTRs). Subsequent insertion of this molecule into a site within the chromosomal DNA of an infected host cell allows the viral DNA to function as a template for the transcription of new viral RNA mole

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