Titlebook: Representation; A. H. Birch Textbook 1971Latest edition Macmillan Publishers Limited 1971 political communication.political science.politi

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The Birth of Representative Government, By this term is meant a system of national government in which representative institutions play a crucial role in the decision-making process, so that few nolitical changes of any importance can be made without the authority of the central legislative assembly. This form of government emerged in En

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Representing Interests,represented in the legislative assembly. There are, however, problems of conceptual interest about the slightly different question of what should be, or what is, represented. Until the second half of the eighteenth century this was hardly an important question, since it was generally agreed that the

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Representing Opinions,ecome at all prominent until the middle decades of the nineteenth century. Many of those who acted as early advocates of this idea took the view that the opinions to be advanced were the individual opinions of constituents, just as Bentham and James Mill had believed that representatives should be c

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The Functions of Representation,r the promotion of political reforms. Most of the theories so far discussed emerged out of the debates on the American and French revolutions and the protracted discussions on the reform of Parliament and the extension of the franchise in Britain. The main political developments of the twentieth cen

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Conclusions,cal scientists. Like these other concepts, it has favourable connotations, so that few people are openly opposed to it. Like them also, it is a rather loose concept, which has been used in different ways by different writers, each of whom tends to claim that the meaning he attributes to it is the on