Titlebook: Remote Sensing and Climate Modeling: Synergies and Limitations; Martin Beniston,Michel M. Verstraete Book 2001 Springer Science+Business M

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Modeling sensible heat flux using estimates of soil and vegetation temperatures: the HEIFE and IMGReity of the land surface and of the boundary layer. Large deviations from these conditions occur at partial canopies which are geometrically and thermally heterogeneous. Improved models of heat transfer have been proposed in literature to deal with these conditions. Such models require a measure of

Inertia

Exploitation of Surface Albedo Derived From the Meteosat Data to Characterize Land Surface Changes,m. From a mathematical point of view, the determination of the surface albedo corresponds to the estimation of a boundary condition for the radiation transfer problem in the coupled surface-atmosphere system. A relatively large database of 10 years or more of Meteosat data has been accumulated by EU

Etymology

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Collocated surface and satellite observations as constraints for Earth radiation budget simulationsation of General Circulation Models (GCM). However, this alone does not ensure that these models also reproduce the distribution of solar energy . the simulated climate system correctly. Thus, the present study uses in addition to the satellite data a collocated set of surface observations for a mor

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How well do aerosol retrievals from satellites and representation in global circulation models matcosol optical depths to retrievals by operational satellites and to representations in global models. Available data-sets, however, rarely relate to the same year(s). With strong year-to-year variations even for monthly averaged aerosol optical depths and open issues on sampling biases and regional r

灰姑娘

Remote Sensing of Snow and Characterization of Snow Albedo for Climate Simulations,dition. We perform a sensitivity study that shows how model parameterizations of snow albedo affect computed snow-atmosphere fluxes. When albedo is calculated as a function of snow surface grain size, the variable albedo is significantly more realistic and representative than constant albedo values.

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Using the Special Sensor Microwave Imager to Monitor Surface Wetness and Temperature,climate monitoring community insufficient information to identify spatial structure and variations over many areas of the world. Therefore, we need to blend satellite observations with in situ data to obtain global coverage. In order to accomplish this task, we have calibrated and independently vali

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Snow Cover Fraction In A General Circulation Model,ensional simulations with General Circulation Models (GCMs) showed that the SCF greatly affects the climate in the Northern Hemisphere..By means of both ground observations and remotely sensed data, several deficiencies in the SCF parameterization used in the current ECHAM4 GCM were identified: over