Titlebook: Reconciling Human Needs and Conserving Biodiversity: Large Landscapes as a New Conservation Paradigm; The Lake Tumba, Demo Bila-Isia Inogwa

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Landscape: Re-assessing the Conservation Paradigmtional definition of conservation in Central Africa that has been, for years, essentially concentrated on protected areas, which were legally spatial entities locked away from human activities and delineated in a gradient ranging from total exclusion to allowed human activities. These isolated space

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Landscapes Require New Legal Framework to Conserve BiodiversityFrench colonized countries (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo Brazzaville, and Gabon) inherited the same juridical history and practices from France but they evolved in different paths on biodiversity conservation issues while Democratic Republic of Congo and Equatorial Guinea have a totally

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Bonobos in the Lake Tumba: Describing the Landscape Specieskm in straight lines (transects) and 324 km of forest reconnaissance, research teams documented the distribution and estimated the abundance of bonobos. Five separate bonobo groups were located in the southern part of the landscape. Mean bonobo densities ranged from 0.27 individuals km. to 2.2 indiv

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Genetics of Bonobos in the Lake Tumba Landscapepes, and for the conservation of bonobos. The chapter assesses the genetic diversity of the isolated western population of bonobos, and identified patterns of gene flow that have occurred between the bonobo population in the Lake Tumba landscape and previously known populations. The haplotype divers

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Forest Refugia Theory, Density Dependence and Stress Syndrome and the Proto-Pane south and north hemispheres. This phenomenon resulted in the aridification of the tropics, which shrank the tropical forests in Africa and left only pockets of forest refuges. The scientific consensus is that the shrinking of tropical forests likely caused bonobos and chimpanzees to diverge. Conve

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Chimpanzees of the Ngiri Triangle forest reconnaissance to document the species distribution and to estimate its abundance. Unfortunately, after the completion of the surveys, samples were insufficient to conduct a density analysis properly. The encounter rates were used as a sensible indicator of the species abundance and this lat