Titlebook: Raynaud’s Phenomenon; From Pathogenesis to Fredrick M. Wigley,Ariane L. Herrick,Nicholas A. F Book 2024Latest edition The Editor(s) (if app

痛苦一生

欢呼

ndresearch...This fully updated second edition comprehensively discusses various causes of Raynaud’s phenomenon including childhood Raynaud’s phenomenon, Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to connective tissue dise978-3-031-52583-4978-3-031-52581-0

Decrepit

表示向前

Delectable

,Epidemiology of Raynaud’s Phenomenon,tion. Cooler climates and low body weight are risk factors in both sexes..The prevalence of secondary RP is related to the underlying disease. Progression to secondary RP occurs in 14–37% of subjects with primary RP. Almost 99% of patients who progress to secondary RP develop an autoimmune disease,

Arroyo

The Normal Structure and Function of the Cutaneous Vascular System,al muscle and brown adipose tissue. The increase in sympathetic outflow is mediated by the activation of thermosensitive neurons and is likely mediated by the stimulation of cold-sensitive ion channels such as TRPM8. Local cooling of the extremities further amplifies the vasoconstrictor response to

爱了吗

混合,搀杂

,Practical Approach to the Patient with Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Primary Versus Secondary Raynaud’s Pheod count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and nailfold capillaroscopy should all be normal..Most patients with primary RP can be reassured and do not require drug treatment which is, however, required in many patients with secondary RP. If drug treatment is required, a calcium channel blocker (susta

ferment

,Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Focus on Rheumatic Diseases,tigations and treatment approach for Raynaud’s phenomenon in this context. The specific challenges of this group of patients that often have complications related to vascular insufficiency are considered, and the evidence supporting disease-specific aspects of treatment is summarised.

Deject

,Raynaud’s Mimics,color changes, but are distinguished from RP by an absence of temperature sensitivity. Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), complex regional pain syndrome, and thromboangiitis obliterans are discussed in detail and important features of recognition and diagnosis highlighted.