Titlebook: Radioactivity and Radiation; What They Are, What Claus Grupen,Mark Rodgers Book 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Ra

hidebound

西瓜

What Does Radiation Do?, which radiation can interact with matter: these interactions are characteristic for each radiation type – charged particles, neutrons, and photons (X and . rays). Similarly, there are different ways of detecting these different radiation types, which are covered in detail in Appendix A.

Console

How Can We Make Radiation?,esearch and its technical applications, there is a variety of possibilities for producing nearly all sufficiently long-lived nuclei, elementary particles and photons in the form of radiation sources. These sources span a huge range of energy, from ultracold particles (25 meV) up to energies of 1 TeV

谷类

Allege

Is Radioactivity Everywhere?,ly wrong. Since the Earth formed, along with the formation of the Sun and the other planets and moons about 4.6 billion years ago, both it and everything on it have been radioactive to a certain extent. In the distant geological past, the Earth was even more radioactive than it is today. The Sun and

怒目而视

What Does Radiation Do to Us?,herefore no surprise that damage due to ionising radiation was first observed very soon after the discovery of radioactivity by Becquerel. The biological effect of ionising radiation is a consequence of the energy transfer, by ionisation and excitation, to cells in the body.

引起痛苦

How Can We Use Radioactivity Destructively?,ng to produce transuranic elements—elements heavier than uranium, which is the heaviest in nature—by firing neutrons at uranium. To their surprise, they found that most of the products were lighter elements, like caesium and barium. This showed that, far from building up the nuclei to heavier elemen

Merited

飞镖

What About Non-Ionising Radiation?, waves: they differ from visible light or microwave radiation only by their energy (or, equivalently, by their frequency or wavelength). It is only natural to ask to what extent electromagnetic radiation of other frequencies might be dangerous for humans.

choroid

How Can We Stay Safe?,ction officers’!). Physicists like Becquerel, Curie and Hahn handled relatively large quantities of radioactive substances with their bare hands. In addition to this, any radioactive material given off as gas or airborne dust was frequently inhaled. Even today the logbooks of Marie and Pierre Curie