Titlebook: Racism in Europe; 1870-2000 Neil MacMaster Textbook 2001Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2001 Europe.immigrat

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Introduction: The Roots of Modern Racismf European society between 1870 and the end of the twentieth century. However, certain theoretical perspectives underlie the overall structure and interpretation, and we begin with these in order to make explicit the argument that is being presented.

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The White Race: Degeneration and Eugenicscks (libidinous, dirty, lazy…) or Jews (grasping, parasitical, cunning…), whereas the reverse side of the coin, the construction of European ‘whiteness’, is strangely absent. The overwhelming concern with the moral and physical features of the Other means that the European is occluded; within most t

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Blackness Without Blacksrity had had no direct contact with or ever seen a black person. On the whole our purpose will not be to examine in any detail scientific racist thought, or the works of physical anthropologists on the ‘Negro’, but rather the question of how and why anti-black stereotypes achieved such a remarkable

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Anti-Semitism in the Nazi Eraobably the most intractable and most controversial of historical debates, that relating to the Holocaust. The recent libel action by the British historian David Irving, a ‘Holocaust denier’, against Deborah Lipstadt, is just one example of the way in which the issue of the mass killing of the Jews c

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Racism in the Age of Labour Immigration, 1945–1974ical theories of race that had been so widely shared in Europe for two centuries were exposed by mainstream science as lacking in validity. This revisionism went hand-in-hand with a post-Holocaust awareness that the ‘myth’ of race had led, and could continue to lead, to inter-group hatred, discrimin

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The ‘New Racism’ and National-Populismto scientific, biological racism, created optimism among contemporaries that the evil of racism was definitively in retreat and would eventually be eliminated through education, enlightened progress or socialism. In general, the period 1945–74, one of unprecedented economic growth, low unemployment

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The ‘New Racism’ and National-Populismto scientific, biological racism, created optimism among contemporaries that the evil of racism was definitively in retreat and would eventually be eliminated through education, enlightened progress or socialism. In general, the period 1945–74, one of unprecedented economic growth, low unemployment

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