Titlebook: Quantum Thermodynamics; Emergence of Thermod J. Gemmer,M. Michel,G. Mahler Book 20041st edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 entr

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0075-8450 eed quantum effects that are at work in bringing about universal thermodynamic behaviour of modestly sized open systems. Von Neumann`s concept of entropy thus proves to be much more widely useful than something to be feared, and far beyond truly macroscopic systems in equilibrium..978-3-540-44513-5Series ISSN 0075-8450 Series E-ISSN 1616-6361

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16 Theories of Relaxation Behavior,s, simply controlled by transition rates rather than of some coherent evolutions. Nevertheless such a behavior should, starting from first principles, eventually follow from the Schr”odinger equation.

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Book 20041st editionhow that the approach to equilibrium - with equilibrium characterized by maximum ignorance about the open system of interest - neither requires that many particles nor is it a precise way of partitioning relevant for the salient features of equilibrium and equilibration. Moreover it is indeed quantu

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1 Introduction,henomena might be linked to other fields of physics, like classical mechanics, e.g., was not common in those days. Such a connection was basically introduced when Joule calculated the heat equivalent in 1840 showing that heat was a form of energy, just like kinetic or potential energy in the theory of mechanics.

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3 Basics of Thermodynamics and Statistics,ut a brief introduction and summary of this old and useful theory. For a complete exposition of the subject we refer to some standard textbooks [24, 65, 108, 131]. (A timeline of notable events ranging from 1575 to 1980 can be found in [13].)

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14 Quantum Mechanical and Classical State Densities,nly the thermodynamic behavior of gases, but also thermodynamic properties of much more complicated systems, like liquid crystals, polymers, etc., which are definitely quantum mechanical systems, may be computed to very good precision.