Titlebook: Political Parties, Parliaments and Legislative Speechmaking; Hanna Bäck,Marc Debus Book 2016 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(

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https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137484550European Parliament; parliament; Political Parties; European Union; Speechmaking; us politics; democracy

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Who Speaks against the Party?,iates from the party line when making parliamentary speeches. Hence, the overarching question of this chapter is ‘Which MPs, and under what circumstances, deviate from the party line when making speeches?’, or, to put it another way, ‘Who speaks against the party?’

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Conclusions about Legislative Speechmaking,e stressed the importance of taking gender into account when analysing these findings, and we here discuss the conclusions that can be drawn from the comparative patterns found when analysing the role of gender in floor participation across Europe.

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Theoretical Expectations about Speechmaking,iamentary speechmaking, we should thus specify the likely incentives of MPs and party leaders. We here follow a classical approach taken in the previous literature, assuming that MPs ‘are strategic actors concerned with policy-making, career advancement, and re-election’ (Kam 2009, p. 17). Or, as de

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Who Speaks against the Party?,iates from the party line when making parliamentary speeches. Hence, the overarching question of this chapter is ‘Which MPs, and under what circumstances, deviate from the party line when making speeches?’, or, to put it another way, ‘Who speaks against the party?’

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