Titlebook: Opioids; Pharmacology, Abuse, Silvia L. Cruz Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer

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Opioids and the Immune System activation of immune responses, depending on the compound, schedule administration, experimental model, or clinical condition. On the other hand, endogenous opioids play a central role in the complex circuitry that mediates the IS and nervous system (NS) communication, tuning the intensity of react

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Opioid Dependence, Tolerance, and Withdrawalular, and molecular. The first part provides an overview of opioid dependence characteristics and tools for its diagnosis in humans. It also defines the concepts of tolerance, physical dependence, and withdrawal and explains some animal models to study opioid dependence. The second section includes

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Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders 2: Detoxifications. MAT is a complex biopsychosocial intervention with the provision of opioid substitution treatment (OST) at its core. These chapters aim to provide the clinician with charts, tables, and clinical guidance around the prescribing of OST within MAT. This second part (this chapter) covers the process

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Synthetic Opioids as New Psychoactive Substances (NPS)er review the different opioids pertaining to this group and the main effects of the opioid drugs recently incorporated into the NPS or currently in use. The third section examines the precursor and pre-precursors needed to synthesize opioids and how they are regulated. The fourth section analyzes t

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