Titlebook: Oculoplasty for Ophthalmologists; Questions and Answer Essam A. El Toukhy Textbook 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), un

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Oculoplasty Interactions with Other Specialities,ology; The development of the lids plays a crucial role for the normal function of the eyes as well as the impact of the cosmetic appearance on the functional and psychological welfare of the child. The whole spectrum of lid anomalies is an essential part of oculoplasty. Ptosis, lid colobomas and ep

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Thyroid Eye Disease,arying severity. Symptoms range from mild eye irritation to vision loss from compressive optic neuropathy requiring medical and possibly acute surgical intervention. Active disease typically lasts one to three years before burn-out occurs; reactivation and irreversible vision loss is uncommon. An op

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Essam A. El Toukhyy data.Tackles controversial clinical and management problemVaricose veins are a very common problem. The precise aetiology of primary varicose veins remains unclear. It seems likely from the available evidence that inherited structural weakness combined with haemodynamic or microcirculatory abnorma

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Essam A. El Toukhynd trunk varices to the skin changes of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and chronic venous ulceration (CVU) [1]. In the UK, more than 50 000 varicose vein (VV) operations are performed each year [2] and the direct annual health care costs of treating leg ulceration are estimated at £400–600 milli

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Essam A. El Toukhy that inherited structural weakness combined with haemodynamic or microcirculatory abnormalities eventually lead to reduced vein wall elasticity, dilatation and the formation of varicosities. Increasing age, female gender, parity and occupation may all promote the development of varicose veins in su

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