Titlebook: Obligation; The Changing Physici Liu Jia Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nat

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Law and Obligations of Physicians and Patients,s patients and physicians should have as demanded by the notion of informed consent and the right to health, the types of action they are obliged to discharge these, and the liabilities should they fail to discharge these may incur. This chapter further discusses how legislations and legal instituti

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Obligation and Healthcare Reforms in China,the citizen. The goals set by the current round of healthcare reform and the recently promulgated Basic Health Law arguably reveal about the shifting nature of two sets of relationships, i.e., the physician–patient relationship and the state–citizen relationship. This section attempts to reflect on

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,Public Health Emergency Management and People’s Trust, the patriotic hygiene campaigns in the 1950s as three illustrative examples, this chapter analyzes how the legal and institutional means used in response to the outbreaks have changed over time. It argues that public health emergency management has shifted from a mobilization-based public health sy

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Liu Jiaa of the geographical, agriculture, and climatic difficulties that awaited them. In the humid, tropical lowlands of the Caribbean and the Spanish Main, only an impoverished part of the Mediterranean agrosystem survived – a limited selection of horticultural crops, together with Indian staples and Mo

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Liu Jiaday than in 1492. There is hardly anywhere in the Old World where Mesoamerican maize is not of great importance, and the Andean potato become an important source of calories in Europe, Southeast Asia, and China. The South American manioc and sweet potato became critical food sources across the entir

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Liu Jiaribbean, half of South America, and most of Central America. As each new area of Mexico, Central and South America were opened by conquest, Spanish immigrants rapidly followed. By 1600, the Spanish had settled in a broad band across highland Mexico, a strip of the Gulf Caribbeans, the Andean and Cen