Titlebook: New Zealand Freshwater Fishes; an Historical and Ec R.M. McDowall Book 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 Colonisation.Diadromy

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Pattern and Process in the Distributions and Biogeography of New Zealand Freshwater Fishes: The Diaor Patagonian South America. Some species are facultatively diadromous and can establish lacustrine populations. Some are found only in lowland locations, close to the sea, whereas others penetrate greater distances inland. The presence of falls and dams excludes some diadromous species, but a few a

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,Pattern and Process in the Distributions of Non-diadromous Species – 1: The , Species Complex,thern Alps, though there are a few populations to the northwest of the northern Southern Alps. They fall into two morphotypes, informally called ‘flatheads’ (6 lineages) and ‘roundheads’ (4 lineages). Species richness is low in the north and greatest in the southern sector of the South Island. Great

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,Pattern and Process in the Distributions of Non-diadromous Species 2: The ‘Pencil-Galaxias’ Species greatest diversity in the inland Mackenzie Basin of the eastern central South Island. They are small, very slender species of cold gravel rivers. Their geographical ranges relate closely to earth history, especially in the South Island, where some species’ ranges still reflect events during the Ple

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Distribution, History and Biogeography of the , Mudfishes, to the eastern central South Island. They are in general allopatric, though two species are found in close proximity in northern latitudes. They are all found in wetlands, often in debris-filled habitats and have distinctive specialisations that adapt them to living in such places. They are capable

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A Biogeographical Synthesis 3: Issues of Diadromy, Diversification and Dispersal,historical events like glaciation, volcanism and other geological occurrences, in a way that is not true of non-diadromous species. New Zealand has very few lake-limited or lake adapted species, probably because existing lakes are young, most of them being post-glacial to recent in age. As a result

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R. M. McDowall presentation of the subject matter.Includes supplementary m.This text presents the mathematical concepts of Grassmann variables and the method of supersymmetry to a broad audience of physicists interested in applying these tools to disordered and critical systems, as well as related topics in stati