Titlebook: New World Tarantulas; Taxonomy, Biogeograp Fernando Pérez-Miles Book 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive

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Introduction to the Theraphosidae,tulas. In this chapter we introduce the phylogenetic position of the Theraphosidae within the Araneae, the general characteristics of the tarantulas including taxonomical, evolutionary and biological aspects of the group. We analyze Theraphosidae diagnostic characters and the affinities with other f

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A Molecular Approach to the Phylogeny of Theraphosidae and Their Kin,ntractable systematic questions. We then overview transcriptomic methods versus target capture approaches, each of which provide increasingly powerful methods for new insights. Finally, we speculate on where additional taxon sampling is needed to resolve the tarantula phylogeny, before concluding ho

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Arboreal Tarantulas and Their Allies: Aviculariinae and Psalmopoeinae,considerable taxonomic and biological attention and the validity as a monophyletic group has been discussed extensively. Some phylogenetic studies suggest at least two subfamilies for the American arboreal tarantulas and their kin: Aviculariinae and Psalmopoeinae. Likewise, the phylogenetic relation

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Biogeography of New World Tarantulas,l their latitudinal and elevational limits. We also review the distributions of groups with unique insular habitats such as those found on islands surrounded by seas, forested “islands” surrounded by “seas” of deserts, and caves. Furthermore, we discuss the distribution of some unique morphological

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Tarantulas and Their Habitats,s use different microhabitats than later instars (ontogenetic habitat shift). Local assemblages may contain several species which either use slightly different areas or heights of the habitat, differ in their basic life style or use the same patch of habitat at different times. However, habitat use

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Enemies and Defences: Urticating Setae of Theraphosidae,aphosine taxa with type I setae and the reclassification is also supported by the specific development of type I setae during ontogeny and by the morphological differences between type III setae in taxa with types I + III and types III or III + IV. The hypothesis of urticating setae evolution propos

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Phsiological Ecology of Tarantulas: Thermoregulation, Metabolism, and Performance Traits,longer life span. Because of their sit-and-wait predatory strategy, they may undergo long periods with limited food availability and tend to have very low resting metabolic rates that enables survival with low and unpredictable food resources. This chapter will review various aspects of thermoregula