Titlebook: New Techniques in Systems Neuroscience; Adam D. Douglass Book 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 Behavioral neuroscie

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Optogenetics in ,,hat make efforts at understanding its numerically simple brain tractable, revealing the neural basis of a rich repertoire of behaviors. These tools allow exogenous labels, indicators, activators, and inhibitors of neural activity to be expressed in sparse sets of identified neurons in the brain, ena

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Optically Monitoring and Manipulating Brain and Behavior in ,,. The last decade has seen rapid progress in fluorescent genetically encoded optical probes of neuronal activity. These now permit physiological analysis of worm neural circuits using light microscopy, ideal for the small, transparent, genetically tractable nematode. . researchers can now dissect th

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Patterned Photostimulation in the Brain, circuits. With the advent of optogenetic strategies, this approach has been further expanded and used to identify the neuronal substrates of behavior via monitoring and modulating the activity of specific neuronal types .. To date, however, photostimulation has been mainly implemented via full-fiel

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Beyond Localization of Function: Dissecting a Neural Code with Optogenetics,to particular brain regions. Optogenetics has advanced this cause by enabling microstimulation that is cell type specific and less invasive. But localization does not complete our understanding. We also want to know how functionally relevant neurons communicate with each other—How do they encode and

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Patterned Photostimulation in the Brain,artments. Specifically, we describe two light patterning strategies implemented through intensity and phase modulation, respectively. We illustrate the underlying physical principles, their applications to date, and the scope and limitations of each method, in an attempt to bridge the gap between th