Titlebook: Neurological Differential Diagnosis; John Philip Patten Book 1996Latest edition Springer-Verlag London 1996 anatomy.brain.diagnosis.differ

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Vision, the Visual Fields and the Olfactory Nerve,ue to the complex but constant decussations and rotations of nerve fibres in the visual pathways, visual field defects can provide very accurate localizing information. Patients tend to notice abrupt visual deterioration and may present with a detailed description of their defect, whereas defects of

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Examination of the Optic Fundus, in as many patients as possible to obtain a clear idea as to the range of normal appearances, and that every opportunity is taken to examine abnormal fundi. This is very much an acquired skill and so often fundal appearances are not clearly seen by students because of poor technique. Discussion wil

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The Third, Fourth and Sixth Cranial Nerves,ect to damage by a wide range of disease processes at various sites. A careful history and clinical examination will usually provide all the information necessary for accurate diagnosis. Difficulty in remembering the actions of the various extraocular muscles and their nerve supply is a universal pr

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Conjugate Eye Movements and Nystagmus,. In the absence of these controlling mechanisms the eyes rove in an aimless way. If these mechanisms fail to develop, as in someone who is blind from birth, wild roving eye movements are a very obvious feature.

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The Brain Stem, pathways — produce clinical signs of relatively limited localizing value. The functional importance of these pathways is undeniable and and they are detailed in other chapters, but for localizing brainstem lesions they are of limited help.

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The Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Features of Spinal Cord Disease,e spinal cord has already been pulled up to L3 level and the final position is established at the latest by the age of 10. The spinal cord is not a perfect cylinder but has two major enlargements at cervical and lumbar level. These are the areas of the motor neuron pools that supply the arms and the