Titlebook: Neuroimmune Diseases; From Cells to the Li Hiroshi Mitoma,Mario Manto Living reference work 00th edition neuroimmunology.immunotherapy.aut

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Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis,types include dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), and sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM). Patients typically present with progressive, proximal weakness and functional impairment. Extramuscular manifestations may also be present. Laboratory inve

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Molecular Targeted Therapies in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases,s and cell surface molecules such as TNF and IL-6, and small synthetic targeted drugs targeting cellular signalling molecules such as JAKs and other cytokines. These drugs have made it possible to control autoimmune diseases that were considered intractable, for instance, to prevent structural damag

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Myasthenia Gravis and Other Immune-Mediated Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction,scular junction. They give muscle weakness and fatigability as their dominating symptoms. The weakness has usually a preferred localization to some but not all muscles. MG subgroups reflect pathogenesis and direct therapy. Patients should always be classified according to type of antibody, thymus pa

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Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes,n associated with autoantibodies targeting either intracellular or extracellular neural antigens. Recently, the diagnostic criteria for PNS have been updated in order to highlight the need for a clear causal relationship with cancer to confirm PNS, as well as the relevance of congruent clinical-immu

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Principles in Effector T Cells,se involving autoreactive T cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In MS, immune cells infiltrate the CNS and attack the myelin sheaths, leading to demyelination, axonal damage, and neurological disabilities (Baxter, Nat Rev Immunol 7(11):904–912 (2007); Hauser and Oksenberg, Neuron 52(1):61–76