Titlebook: Natural Selection; Revisiting its Expla Richard G. Delisle Book 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Natural selection.genetic changes.

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only ensembles of atoms were accessible. Atomic spectra and the probabilities of transitions in atoms had been successfully studied in atomic ensembles for a long time. Quantum mechanics enables one to calculate both spectra and probabilities. However, quantum mechanics predicts that any transition

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only ensembles of atoms were accessible. Atomic spectra and the probabilities of transitions in atoms had been successfully studied in atomic ensembles for a long time. Quantum mechanics enables one to calculate both spectra and probabilities. However, quantum mechanics predicts that any transition

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lective spectroscopy of molecular ensembles such as spectral hole-burning, fluorescence line-narrowing and femtosecond photon echoes, but also new methods of nanospectroscopy such as single-molecule spectroscopy. Both the­ ory and experimental data are discussed. Theory united with experimental data

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Richard G. Delisleof genetic loci. Of particular interest are cases where the observed data depart from the neutral expectation and suggest adaptive evolution due to positive natural selection. In this chapter, we use the . and . genes to demonstrate methods of evolutionary inference from both inter- and intraspecifi