Titlebook: Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders; Özlem Önerci Celebi,T. Metin Önerci Book 2023Latest edition Springer Nature Switz

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Nasal NO and Its Role in the Physiology of the Nose and Diagnosis,easurement has become a routine diagnostic tool in monitoring lower airway inflammation since it had been shown to be a noninvasive parameter for monitoring lower airway inflammation. However, most of the NO is being produced in the sinonasal cavities, without clear insight into its precise role in

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疏远天际

向外

Physiology of the Aging Nose and Geriatric Rhinitis,everal aspects of nasal function that change with age. These include changes to external nasal suprastructure as well as internal changes to the mucosal lining. Changes in vascular regulation and airflow also affect other critical functions of the nose such as conditioning of air and mucociliary tra

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Sinus Pain,tients, an otolaryngologist has to also integrate neurological, rheumatological, dental and musculoskeletal conditions in his/her differential diagnosis. Migraine, tension-type headache, temporomandibular joint pain and sinus pain share common pathophysiology—central sensitization. In central sensit

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Biologic Therapies for Chronic Rhinosinusitis,re not insignificant, with the annual direct cost of CRS treatment ranging from 5560 to 5955 USD per patient, and annual indirect costs estimated at 10,077.07 USD per patient [6, 7]. The annual total direct cost attributed to CRS treatment in the United States has been previously estimated at upwards of from 60.2 billion USD [6].