Titlebook: Microscopic Methods in Metals; Ulrich Gonser Textbook 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986 Mössbauer spectroscopy.X-ray emission sp

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Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure,unded by other atoms in a condensed phase, then the absorption cross section above the absorption edge is observed to oscillate, exhibiting an often complex structure that can extend for hundreds of electron volts. These oscillations are aptly called the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXA

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institute

Auger Electron Spectroscopy, mean the chemical analysis of the outermost atom layers at a free surface and, sometimes, in addition, the analysis of the atom layers below the surface to a depth of 1 .m or so. The free surface is simply the surface that we see and is concerned, here, mainly with solid metals. Internal surfaces o

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Positron Annihilation, principles, applications of positron annihilation are presented to study defect and defect-free materials. The investigation of Fermi-surface properties in single crystals of metals and alloys is one of the very interesting topics in positron annihilation. Even more exciting and in some way unique

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Perturbed Angular Correlation,ies. It was originally developed and applied to the determination of magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments of excited nuclear states, a domain of nuclear physicists. The possibility to get information about internal magnetic fields or electric field gradients, which interact via a hyperfme

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,Mössbauer Spectroscopy,The latter term is the one now generally accepted. The reason for the use of the name of a particular person is the fact that this method has a unique history. It is to be hoped that the wonderful and even romantic story of its discovery will one day be told in full detail in a book which could, of

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M. Hoppe,A. Thaer broadly classified as those with an intact larynx, and those in which total laryngectomy has been performed..In the former (smaller) group, demonstrated cases show demonstrate approaches to small oropharyngeal defects, and to reconstruction following radical resections for primary advanced staged c

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C. N. J. Wagnerly influenced by Confucian values and philosophies, Chinese society, as compared with its Western counterparts, is supposed to exhibit a higher degree of interdependency and communitarianism, two characteristics believed to be conducive to the reintegrative shaming of the wrongdoer. Restorative just