Titlebook: Mathematical Methods and Quantum Mathematics for Economics and Finance; Belal Ehsan Baaquie Textbook 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) an

设施

Random Variablesh flows of financial instruments, are impacted by an uncertain future. The mathematical description of uncertainty is the subject matter of probability theory, which is built on the concept of the random variable. This Chapter introduces some of the key ideas of probability and important examples of

Arteriography

Nonconformist

Probability Distribution Functionsional probability. Independent random variables are defined and a detailed discussion is given of the central limit theorem, together with the limit for special cases. Conditional probability is illustrated by examples of discrete and continuous random variables.