Titlebook: Mathematical Logic for Computer Science; Mordechai Ben-Ari Textbook 2012Latest edition Springer-Verlag London 2012 First-Order Logic.Propo

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Commodious

Propositional Logic: Deductive Systems,Euclidean geometry. Modern mathematics is expressed in a style of reasoning that is not far removed from the reasoning used by Greek mathematicians. This style can be characterized as ‘formalized informal reasoning’, meaning that while the proofs are expressed in natural language rather than in a fo

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First-Order Logic: Deductive Systems,fier. (The existential quantifier is defined as the dual of the universal quantifier.) The construction of semantic tableaux for first-order logic included restrictions on the use of constants and similar restrictions will be needed here.

改进

saturated-fat

First-Order Logic: Resolution,that it is unsatisfiable. For propositional logic, the algorithm is also a decision procedure for unsatisfiability because it is guaranteed to terminate. When generalized to first-order logic, resolution is still sound and complete, but it is not a decision procedure because the algorithm may not te

definition

First-Order Logic: Logic Programming,ed for programming a computation. This approach is called .. A program is expressed as a set of clauses and a query is expressed as an additional clause that can clash with one or more of the program clauses. The query is assumed to be the negation of result of the program. If a refutation succeeds,

ANTIC

First-Order Logic: Undecidability and Model Theory *, a result first proved by Alonzo Church. Validity is decidable for several classes of formulas defined by syntactic restrictions on their form (Sect. .). Next, we introduce model theory (Sect. .): the fact that a semantic tableau has a countable number of nodes leads to some interesting results. Fin

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