Titlebook: Mass Conversions to Christianity and Islam, 800–1100; Tsvetelin Stepanov,Osman Karatay Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Aut

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Christianisations in Scandinavia,century, where the ecclesiastical organisation was developed largely under the archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen, the three Scandinavian kingdoms became three different church provinces in the 12th century. The Christianity in question was understood as a solid monolithic institution that met a paganism

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Bruno of Querfurt and the Practice of Mission,no of Querfurt. Anyone who has looked at the careers of these two saints is confronted with numerous insoluble problems. To begin, there are debates about the source material, most notably over the authorship of the .. Then there is the chronology: how exactly is one to fit in Adalbert’s work among

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The Choice of Faith in Early Medieval Eastern Europe: Individual and Mass Conversion, most famous of these are the Jewish-Khazar correspondence from the mid-tenth century (the letter of the Khazar king Joseph about the conversion of the Khazars to Judaism), the “Risale” by Ahmed ibn Fadlan on the conversion of the Volga Bulgars to Islam in the 920s, and the “Russian Primary chronicl

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Islamization of the Turks: A Process of Mental Change,onversion of the Volga Bulgars, through which Islam established itself in the Volga-Ural region; the conversion of the Karakhanids that made the basis of the Central Asian Islam in general; and the conversion of the Oghuz in the westernmost parts of Central Asia, which is the source of the later “Tu

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The Establishment of Islam in Central Asia: Geo-Cultural Patterns and Geographical Realities,countered the Muslim Arabs, thus Islam, in the mid-seventh century. However, a massive Islamisation among the Turks happened only in the tenth and eleventh centuries, and even later for some Turkic peoples. That is, it was a consequence of a long process of religious conversion that happened under s