Titlebook: Lightning: Principles, Instruments and Applications; Review of Modern Lig Hans Dieter Betz,Ulrich Schumann,Pierre Laroche Book 2009 Springe

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Electric Field and Charge Structure in Lightning-Producing Clouds,ntain storms. Typical maximum electric field magnitudes, along with several extreme field values observed near lightning initiations, are presented in comparison to the theoretical values that are thought to be required for lightning initiation at various altitudes within active storms. The chapter

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Lightning Detection in Spain: The Particular Case of Catalonia,by two different lightning detection systems. Since 1992, the Spanish Lightning Detection Network provides the location and characteristics of the cloud-to-ground lightning activity for the whole country. In 2003, an interferometric detection system was installed in Catalonia, providing total lightn

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Spatial Distribution and Frequency of Thunderstorms and Lightning in Australia,lian continent, is presented. Long-term thunderday records, lightning data obtained by ground-based lightning detection instruments CIGRE-500 and CGR3 and by NASA satellite-based instruments OTD and LIS have been analyzed to develop maps of total lightning flash density, N., (i.e. cloud-to-ground an

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Observation and Interpretation of Lightning Flashes with Electromagnetic Lightning Mapper,mapper and the space borne NASA-OTD optical sensor. The development of an intracloud (IC) flash is described based on the measurements of the VHF signal radiated during its occurrence. Optical radiation is compared to VHF radiation recorded during an IC flash and during a negative cloud-to-ground (C

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Optical Detection of Lightning from Space,perated by NASA on low orbit satellites for more than 10 years. For the next generation of geostationary satellites optical lightning location sensors are planned. This contribution gives an overview of the principles of optical detection of lightning from satellites and a description of the existin