Titlebook: Let’s Calculate Bach; Applying Information Alan Shepherd Book 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 musicology.Bach.numerology.proportio

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Alan ShepherdApplies information theory, mathematical, statistical and computational methods to explore numbers and proportions in music.Features detailed descriptions of the techniques and a computer program, equ

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Quantitative Methods in the Humanities and Social Scienceshttp://image.papertrans.cn/l/image/585286.jpg

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An Information Theory Approach,The chapter starts with an overview of information theory, how information is measured and how it is encoded in messages and transmitted. The ambiguity of coding with numeric alphabets is exposed with an analogy from computer science. An unambiguous coding is shown with reference to Gödel’s incompleteness theorem.

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Some Possible Codings in Music,This chapter uses the knowledge from the previous chapter to explore various ways of coding information into music and shows how practical they are in terms of the amount of information that can be transported. It also includes some examples which could not have been used by Bach.

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Ambiguity in Decoding,Here we examine the amount of ambiguity when using numeric alphabets to represent a word as a single number. First a readily available modern dictionary of words for computer spelling checkers is used, and then for comparison, word lists from sources known to Bach are analysed. The differences between various numeric alphabets are pointed out.

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Score Analysis,The coding of performed music captured in computer files is introduced using MIDI as an example. It is shown how such files can be analysed with relatively simple methods and a detailed example given to show that, where some authors claim to have found messages hidden in the music, it is possible to find almost anything.

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Statistical Methods,This chapter gives a basic introduction to the statistical concepts needed for the subsequent chapters, including probability, hypothesis testing, statistical significance, confidence intervals, Monte Carlo simulation and Bayes theorem. Some problems and caveats are pointed out.

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