Titlebook: Ion Flux in Pulmonary Vascular Control; E. Kenneth Weir,Joseph R. Hume,John T. Reeves Book 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1

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Calcium Channels in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cellsfree calcium ion concentration ([Ca.].), and hence the contractile state of arterial smooth muscle cells (e.g. 12). Agents that depolarize (e.g. elevated extracellular potassium, pressurization, many vasoconstrictors) cause arteries to constrict. This tone is often reduced or abolished by removing e

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Na-Ca Exchange in Isolated Coronary Myocytes: A Study Combining Voltage Clamp and Ca2+ Fluorometry was thought. that the reduction of the transmembraneous [Na.] gradient stimulates Ca. influx through the Na-Ca exchanger with the result that the increased amount of activator Ca. increases the degree of contractile activation. However, when the [Na.] gradient was reduced by removal of extracellula

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Role of Calcium ATPases in Pulmonary Vascular Reactivityce vasoconstriction are counteracted by cellular Ca. transport mechanisms that decrease [Ca.]. and modulate vasoconstriction. In vascular tissue, the Ca.-ATPases play a crucial role in regulating [Ca.]. and tone. Pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells possess two forms of Ca.-ATPases

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Fast Na+ Current and Ca2+ Currents in Smooth Muscles slow (L-type) Ca. channels. The slow Ca. channel activity is regulated by several mechanisms, as is well known for myocardial cells. In myocardial cells, cyclic AMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cA-PK) stimulate slow Ca. channel activity, whereas cyclic GMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (c

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Potassium Channels Activated by Calcium Released from the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Vascular Smooth Ca, i.e. Four Ca ions bind with calmodulin and this complex activates myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), thus causing phosphorylation of 20 kDa protein of myosin light chain (MLC). This phosphorylation of 20 kDa protein triggers actin-myosin cross bridge cycling in the presence of ATP (1–5).

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Electrophysiological Actions of Extracellular ATP Application. receptor subtypes, where ATP or another phosphorylated nucleoside is thought to be the endogenous ligand is much less precise (1). Highly selective agonists and antagonists are not available. This makes it particularly difficult to investigate the specific effects of receptor activation when cells

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