Titlebook: Introductory Physics for the Life Sciences; Simon Mochrie,Claudia De Grandi Textbook 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s),

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Energy: Work, Geckos, and ATP,owever, for a small part of the universe—a system—what we observe is the transfer of energy in and out of the system or its transformation from one form to another. A system can be simply a moving ball, or the entire Earth and a satellite. Energy can be added to a system in the form of heat or by do

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Probability Distributions: Mutations, Cancer Rates, and Vision Sensitivity, probability distribution and express the mean, variance, and standard deviation of a random variable in terms of its probability distribution. We then focus on a certain, very-widely applicable probability distribution, namely the Poisson distribution, which specifies the probability of counting a

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Random Walks: Brownian Motion and the Tree of Life,ion, which all microscopic particles are subject to, including those in biological situations. Albert Einstein’s theory of Brownian motion and its subsequent confirmation by Jean Perrin were pivotal in finally convincing skeptics at the outset of the twentieth century that atoms and molecules really

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Diffusion: Membrane Permeability and the Rate of Actin Polymerization,vidual particles’ Brownian random walks, and how the consequences of diffusion may be quantified by means of the diffusion equation. The concept of particle number conservation will be especially important, namely that particles cannot appear or disappear without a good reason (such as that they und

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Rates of Change: Drugs, Infections, and Weapons of Mass Destruction,an be developed for comparisons with data. We encounter examples in which disparate processes are described by similar equations, which therefore have similar solutions. As a result, the understanding gained in one case can be transferred to the other. For example, we see that the equations that des

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Statistical Mechanics: Boltzmann Factors, PCR, and Brownian Ratchets,tistical mechanics provides a powerful prescription for calculating probabilities and probability densities, and consequently means and variances, for systems near thermal equilibrium. Statistical mechanics also encompasses thermodynamics, including the second law of thermodynamics. Several concepts

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,Fluid Mechanics: Laminar Flow, Blushing, and Murray’s Law,fluid flows smoothly and without vortices. This type of fluid flow is increasingly important in biomedical research, and describes most of the flow of blood through your circulatory system, consisting of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, and your heart, which is the pump that genera

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Oscillations and Resonance,iciently small. This motion is called simple harmonic motion. The equations for simple harmonic motion appear in many different situations because sufficiently near any potential energy minimum, where a system is stable, almost all energy landscapes may be approximated as a quadratic function of dis

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Wave Equations: Strings and Wind,and how boundary conditions select particular standing wave wavelengths and frequencies. We also discuss how boundary conditions at an interface between different media give rise to reflection and transmission of waves at that interface. For example, on the medical side, reflection of high frequency

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,Gauss’s Law: Charges and Electric Fields,, positive and negative. Like charges repel and opposite charges attract. Importantly, charge is conserved: starting from zero charge, if you isolate a charge . somewhere, there has to be an equal and opposite charge − . somewhere else. Charge is also quantized in integer multiples of the electronic