Titlebook: Introduction to PASCAL for Computational Mathematics; E. J. Redfern Textbook 1987Latest edition Macmillan Publishers Limited 1987 algebra.

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Anthropoid

Programming Structures,in order to produce a solution to a problem. The objective in programming a computer is to produce the most efficient and accurate solution. This is not necessarily the easiest or the most natural solution to the problem.

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Sequences and Series, ideas. An important aspect of computing is the ability to perform repeated operations and the Pascal language allows us the facility to do this either a predetermined number of times or until a condition is satisfied. An area of mathematics in which one can apply this is to problems concerning sequ

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Procedures and Functions,ming language. As problems become more complex, it is better to break them into a hierarchy of steps. In doing this we describe a problem using a structure of blocks, each of which is subdivided into smaller blocks until we have units small enough to handle in terms of the programming language.

NEXUS

Iterative Procedures,on-linear and we usually cannot obtain an algebraic formula which would allow us to calculate the solution. We therefore need to use numerical methods, and in this chapter we consider some of the more obvious approaches to the problem and ways of programming them.

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Numerical Calculus,ill clearly depend on the size of .. We can improve the approximation by letting . become small, but it is obvious we cannot let it become zero since we are dealing with numerical values. If . became zero we would be dividing by zero. However, before this becomes a problem the difference between f(.

HALL

Arrays,roved a problem in these examples but such an approach would become cumbersome very rapidly when we consider problems involving vectors and matrices. Data analysis becomes practically impossible unless there is some way of storing and manipulating whole blocks of numerical values.

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Characters and User-defined Scalar Types,rophes in write statements. These strings have been used for including text in our output to make it clearer to understand or to supply understandable prompts when our programs are expecting data to be entered at the terminal.

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Data Summary,efore need to consider ways in which to summarise a large amount of data into more manageable and easily understood forms. This summary can be in the form of a table such as a frequency distribution, a picture such as a histogram or numerical values such as the mean and standard deviation. These thi

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