Titlebook: Introduction to Formal Philosophy; Sven Ove Hansson,Vincent F. Hendricks Textbook 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Sprin

Misgiving

Theory of Conceptsrated entities whose extensions are sets and classes, for Fregean senses, or for abstract objects. Although there is no universal agreement on a definition of concepts, a viable theory of concepts has to address a number of formal issues: How to deal with counterfactual and possibly contradictory co

背书

flavonoids

Can Natural Language Be Captured in a Formal System? defended. The paper investigates the main lines of argument for both, and argues that the stalemate that appears to have been reached is an indication that the question itself rests on a wrong conception of the relation between natural languages and formal languages, and hence of the methodological

Urgency

Reference and Denotationmight seem, it gives rise to the . that it presupposes that we already know the meaning of the terms used in the description (Wittgenstein, Quine), and it is . because ‘having a correct description in mind’ is neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition for successful reference (Kripke, Kaplan).

偶然

Indexicalstwo kinds of questions. First, they are often thought to be scopeless – e.g. with . rigidly referring to the speaker – and to give rise to non-trivial patterns of inference – e.g. . seems to be . true despite the fact that . isn’t. Second, indexicals may play a crucial role in the expression of irre

自由职业者

断言

Bravado

deface

Conditionalsical areas, as well as outside of philosophy. One important reason is that such constructs allow one to encode . and ., be they causal, epistemic, conceptual, or metaphysical. This chapter briefly outlines some of the main formal models that have been employed to analyze such constructs, as well as their philosophical motivation.

笨拙的我

Categoriessic fields of the discipline: semantics, epistemology and ontology. In this paper, we present the basic definitions and notions and suggest some of the ways categories are starting to infiltrate formal philosophy.