Titlebook: Intradermal Immunization; Marcel B.M. Teunissen Book 2012 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Spri

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Understanding the Murine Cutaneous Dendritic Cell Network to Improve Intradermal Vaccination Strated the presence of distinct DC populations in murine skin, highlighting the complexity of the cutaneous DC network. In this review, we will define the major DC subsets that populate the different layers of the skin, focusing on their origin and the mechanisms controlling their homeostasis. We will al

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Insight into the Immunobiology of Human Skin and Functional Specialization of Skin Dendritic Cell Sple distinct DC subsets can be distinguished by location, phenotype, and function in the homeostatic and inflamed human skin. The function of steady-state cutaneous DCs or recruited inflammatory DCs is influenced by the surrounding cellular and extracellular skin microenvironment. The skin is an att

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Delivery Systems for Intradermal Vaccination, reliable methods of ID delivery. ID injection by the Mantoux technique requires special training and may not reliably target skin, but is nonetheless used currently for BCG and rabies vaccination. Scarification using a bifurcated needle was extensively used for smallpox eradication, but provides va

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DNA Vaccines and Intradermal Vaccination by DNA Tattooing,s based on their efficacy in preclinical models, immunogenicity of first generation DNA vaccines in clinical trials was shown to be poor, and no DNA vaccines have yet been licensed for human use. In recent years significant progress has been made in the development of second generation DNA vaccines