Titlebook: International Technology Transfer by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises; Country Studies Peter J. Buckley (Professor of International Busin

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Introductiona in a commercial setting). The process of commercialising technology is now seen as a much more complicated process, involving technical feasibility testing, commercial development and design as well as other issues. Technological development is a continuous, dynamic process and constant reinvestme

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Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Foreign Direct InvestmentFor the purposes of this chapter, SMEs are defined as firms which employ ‘less than’ 500 people in manufacturing, ‘less than’ 100 in wholesale trade and ‘less than’ 50 in retail trade and other services. (this definition differs from that used in the study reported by the bulk of this book — see the

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The Case of Franceon the big corporation. Size was the key to competitiveness at the firm as well as at the national level. Industries were evolving into oligopolies, based on the mass production and mass consumption of standardized goods. The multinationalisation process was considered as directly related to the gro

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The Case of the United States. Even before that study, the traditional view among researchers had been that small firms were disadvantaged in international competition, because of the fixed costs of learning about foreign environments, communicating at long distances, and negotiating with national governments. These costs ‘cons

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