Titlebook: Integrative Biology of Women’s Health; Espen E. Spangenburg Book 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 cardiovascular.estroge

极微小

Anne A. Knowlton M.D.ngs societal upheavals and conflicts. Modern state-building processes not only require national identity formation and power consolidation but also a societal moral harmony. In order to forge this, as the experiences of modern Western nation states illustrate, the state uses its coercive powers to e

IRK

extemporaneous

举止粗野的人

es on three areas: skeletal-muscle function, metabolic functDefining and understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms that are relevant to women’s health has become a critical area of scientific pursuit. Until recently, very little effort has been place on defining or understanding critical diffe

Hamper

Estrogen Effects on Skeletal Muscle, of age. Since that time hundreds of studies have been conducted and our understanding of E2 effects on skeletal muscle has grown substantially. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize recent findings on known E2 effects on skeletal muscle but also indicate some of the questions that remain.

完全

Novel Findings in Bone Biology: Impact on Bone Health for Women,rolonged caloric restriction, the surprising role of estrogen receptor-alpha in bone mechanotransduction, and how oxidative stress may be an important mechanism contributing to bone loss with aging and estrogen insufficiency.

心痛

Diet and Exercise Are Potent Modulators of Cardiovascular Disease in Women,ted and challenging, women can have a lot of control over the extrinsic factors, which may ultimately influence cardiovascular health more powerfully than pharmacologic interventions and can potentially counteract genetic predisposition (Stampfer et al., N Engl J Med 343:16–22, 2000).

GOUGE

Influence of Ovarian Hormones on Skeletal Muscle Contractility,f the mechanisms by which estradiol affects contractility and how the loss of this hormone is detrimental to skeletal muscle function is critical. This chapter focuses on ovarian hormones, specifically how the lack of estradiol affects skeletal muscle contractility in both postmenopausal women and rodent models.

Minuet

Metabolic Health in the Aging Female: Human Perspective, in older women, and discusses the effects of aerobic and resistive exercise training on metabolic health in aging women. Finally, the chapter imparts some future research directions in the aging female.

ALOFT

Transitions Across a Lifetime: Unique Cardiovascular Physiology of Women and Relationship to Cardioional effects of the sex steroid hormones. This chapter addresses how two conditions unique to women, pregnancy and menopause, affect cardiovascular function and therefore, types, frequency, and expression of cardiovascular pathologies in women.