Titlebook: Inorganic Constituents in Soil; Basics and Visuals Masami Nanzyo,Hitoshi Kanno Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2018 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Auth

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Purpose and Scope,ence, environmental science, biogeochemistry, and interested readers in other disciplines. The visual aids include optical photographs, electron microscope images, and element maps acquired by energy dispersive X-ray analyses.

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Primary Minerals,tered in moist climates. The composition of primary minerals in soils is affected by the types of parent rocks, weathering, sorting, and other soil-forming factors, resulting in mineral compositions that deviate from the average mineral composition of the Earth’s crust.

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Secondary Minerals,l, and biological functions of soils. As the size of secondary minerals is approximately 2 μm or less, electron micrographs and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are effective for characterizing these minerals. Schematic diagrams are used to interpret the chemical structure of phyllosilicate clay minerals.

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Non-crystalline Inorganic Constituents of Soil,phane and imogolite are rich in Al whereas their parent material, volcanic ash, is silica-rich. Changes in morphological property and element concentration of volcanic ash or volcanic glass during the formation of these secondary non-crystalline constituents are discussed.

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Introduction,ogeneous dynamics, we mean two different kinds of dynamics: Time-driven continuous-variable dynamics, the evolutions of which are typically governed by physical laws and are described by differential or difference equations; and event-driven discrete-variable dynamics, the evolution of which depends