Titlebook: Imagining European Unity since 1000 AD; Patrick Pasture Book 2015 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2015 European integratio

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,‘Peace for Our Time’: The European Quest for Peace,tween Great Britain and Nazi Germany that he had signed earlier that day. With this agreement, Chamberlain hoped to have appeased the German Reich and to have rescued peace in Europe — a hope widely shared at the moment. The very next day, however, Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia, as the agreement did

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Enlightenment, Revolution and the Evaporating Dream of a Perpetual Peace, The mid-eighteenth century, especially after the Seven Years’ War — a great deal of which was fought outside Europe and exhausted the treasuries of the belligerents — constituted a pivotal period which compelled states to improve their state apparatus and augment their revenues, which implied bette

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Peace during the Concert,ntinent, with the French revolutionary ideals exerting an influence far beyond the territories that he conquered — even if not all of Europe was convinced and though some of his innovations were later reversed after Waterloo. On the other hand, he provoked a common reaction from the anti-revolutiona

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The Long War,irtually ruined the continent. Officially it ended in Europe on 11 November 1918, but in Russia the civil war after the Bolshevik Revolution continued until 1922. The newly constituted Poland, aiming at securing its position amid two mighty and dangerous neighbours — Germany and a weakened Russia —

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The Long War,1923. In the west, the UK faced the Irish War of Independence until 1921–1922. The occupation of the Ruhr by Belgian and French troops in 1922–1925 can be seen as an extension of the Great War itself. The war had exhausted the European economies, and in the meantime ‘Uncle Sam’ manifested itself as

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