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Titlebook: Human and Machine Problem Solving; K. J. Gilhooly Book 1989 Plenum Press, New York 1989 Action.Memory.Problem Solving.Processing.algorithm

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发表于 2025-3-21 18:09:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
书目名称Human and Machine Problem Solving
编辑K. J. Gilhooly
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图书封面Titlebook: Human and Machine Problem Solving;  K. J. Gilhooly Book 1989 Plenum Press, New York 1989 Action.Memory.Problem Solving.Processing.algorithm
描述Problem solving is a central topic for both cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence (AI). Psychology seeks to analyze naturally occur­ ring problem solving into hypothetical processes, while AI seeks to synthesize problem-solving performance from well-defined processes. Psychology may suggest possible processes to AI and, in turn, AI may suggest plausible hypotheses to psychology. It should be useful for both sides to have some idea of the other‘s contribution-hence this book, which brings together overviews of psychological and AI re­ search in major areas of problem solving. At a more general level, this book is intended to be a contribution toward comparative cognitive science. Cognitive science is the study of intelligent systems, whether natural or artificial, and treats both organ­ isms and computers as types of information-processing systems. Clearly, humans and typical current computers have rather different functional or cognitive architectures. Thus, insights into the role of cognitive ar­ chitecture in performance may be gained by comparing typical human problem solving with efficient machine problem solving over a range of tasks. Readers may notice that there i
出版日期Book 1989
关键词Action; Memory; Problem Solving; Processing; algorithms; artificial intelligence; cognitive psychology; cog
版次1
doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8015-3
isbn_softcover978-1-4684-8017-7
isbn_ebook978-1-4684-8015-3
copyrightPlenum Press, New York 1989
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Nonadversary Problem Solving by Machine,sentence, or planning a sequence of robot actions. In this chapter we shall adopt a rather more specialized meaning for the term and regard it as covering the study of the properties of algorithms (1) for conducting search and (2) for construction and manipulating plans of action.
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Machine Inference,dge. Many such machines are primarily concerned with numerical computation. However, during the last few years, systems have been built that can “reason” in the sense that they are able to check a body of knowledge for consistency and are able to infer implicit knowledge from that which they have been given explicitly.
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Adversary Problem Solving by Machine,Methods of problem solving by machine have been discussed in a previous chapter. In principle, the adversary makes very little difference; adversary problem-solving graphs are just special cases of . graphs (Nilsson, 1980). Nevertheless specialized techniques have been developed, many of them highly efficient problem-independent search procedures.
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Human and Machine Problem Solving: A Comparative Overview,In this chapter I will be reviewing, with a comparative eye, the substantive pairs of chapters in the body of this book. I will be particularly concerned with questions of mutual influences between research on human and machine problem solving and with general principles that emerge from a comparative reading of Chapters 2 through 12.
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Machine Expertise,rtant to remember this long history of the mechanization of problem solving. It puts present-day artificial intelligence efforts into perspective. Expert systems are, in a way, a continuation of a tradition going back to Babbage.
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