Titlebook: Hepatic Encephalopathy; Kevin D. Mullen,Ravi K. Prakash Book 2012 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license

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Oxidative Stress in Hepatic Encephalopathynetic events, including the elevation of intracellular calcium, induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear factor-kappa B, all of which result in the production of free radicals. Such free radical formation can be further exac

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The Role of Natural Benzodiazepines Receptor Ligands in Hepatic Encephalopathyry behavioral effects. Flumazenil is the only BZ receptor antagonist currently available for clinical use. Intravenously administered flumazenil has been shown to induce ameliorations of HE in large proportions of patients with acute or chronic liver failure. Its beneficial effects on HE are limited

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Disaccharides in the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathyable to lactulose in the treatment of HE with fewer side effects. Lactulose has also shown to be effective in primary and secondary prophylaxis of HE. Lactulose significantly improves cognitive function and health-related quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. In a systemat

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