Titlebook: Handbook of Biometric Anti-Spoofing; Trusted Biometrics u Sébastien Marcel,Mark S. Nixon,Stan Z. Li Book 20141st edition The Editor(s) (if

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,Temporality—Endogenous and Subjective,act lens patterns. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed texture analysis methods for iris liveness detection. And the learned statistical texture features based on weighted-LBP can achieve 99accuracy in classification of genuine and fake iris images.

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The roots of time in the physical world,significant further work is required to develop generalised countermeasures, that there is a need for standard datasets, evaluation protocols and metrics and that greater emphasis should be placed on text-dependent scenarios.

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Forgeries of Fingerprints in Forensic Science,. The ability of forensic experts to distinguish between genuine marks and fakes will then be discussed. Although manual inspection techniques, they may also provide a reference to biometrics practitioners in their development of computerised techniques.