Titlebook: H.A. Kramers Between Tradition and Revolution; M. Dresden Book 1987 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1987 Albert Einstein.X-ray.electron.elec

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eiden in 1938-1939. I did dig up some of these old notes and, although they were considerably less transparent than my recollection seemed to indicate, they reminded me force­ fully of the thrilling days I had spent in Leiden with Kramers. Kramers‘ deep insight and originality were apparent even when distorte978-1-4612-9087-2978-1-4612-4622-0

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The Unraveling of Classical Physics: Planck and Einsteinre was no theoretical formula that agreed with these observations. There was a theoretical expression derived on the sound basis of classical physics, but it agreed with the data only for low frequencies. For higher frequencies the theory and experiment did not agree at all. On the basis of a rather

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Grundlagen des Band- und Kopfradantriebes,chair of theoretical physics at the University of Leiden. These obituaries recorded the major events in his life, including his birth, on December 17, 1894 in Rotterdam, and his education in Leiden. Kramers’ contributions to science, which brought him national prominence and international eminence,

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-99016-8h the profound character of the changes was not realized away, many new facts required a serious rethinking of the basic principles of physics without, however, arriving at anything resembling a systematic new set of concepts. When Kramers entered the field of atomic physics, as a beginning research

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-99015-1c effect. There is another set of experimental results that demonstrates the inadequacy of classical concepts even more dramatically. The results all concern atomic structure and the light (or radiation) emitted by atoms.

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Die Darstellung der Markscheiden,ical structure is often called quantum theory. Here the two terms are used as denoting more or less the same set of ideas. Bohr’s ideas, general approach, and underlying philosophy dominated atomic physics to an unprecedented extent in the period from 1916 to 1925. This coincides exactly with the pe