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Marcello Pagliai,Miroslav Kutileked (GE) plants. The main factors which influence hybridizationand introgression, the two processes of gene flow, as well as the accompanying containment measures of thetransgene, are reviewed. The comparison of risks between Switzerland and Europe highlights the importanceof regional studies. Differ

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V. A. Bondarko,S. V. Gusev,V. A. Yakubovichs literature review, studies addressing this questionhave been compiled. A total of 60 studies has been found, and their findings as well as their analyticalapproaches are summarized. These studies analyzed the effects of seven different types of genetically engineeredtraits, i.e., herbicide toleran

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Biomarkers for Clinical Oncologyg from the use of these crops. Consequently, the risksof GM crops for the environment, and especially for biodiversity, have been extensively assessed beforeand during their commercial cultivation. Substantial scientific data on the environmental effects of thecurrently commercialized GM crops are a

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,Biotechnology Patenting Policy in the European Union – as Exemplified by the Development in Germany In this paper, the significance of and the prerequisitesfor patenting are reviewed, and the principal requirements for biotechnology patents in the signatory statesof the European Patent Convention (EPC) are summarized. This is followed by a report on the historicaldevelopment of biotech-patent leg

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Genetically Modified Organisms in the United States: Implementation, Concerns, and Public Perceptio significant progress and implementation but where, to date,the matter has drawn little attention. GM organisms are the result of lateral gene transfers, the transferof genes from one species to another, or sometimes, from one kingdom to another. The introduction of foreigngenes makes some people ve

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Exploration and Swiss Field-Testing of a Viral Gene for Specific Quantitative Resistance Against Sm-transmitted smut and bunt diseases. In vitroboth important seed-transmitted diseases of wheat, loose smut (.)and stinking smut (.), are susceptible to KP4, whereasall other organisms tested so far proved to be not susceptible to KP4. For studies in planta we used stinkingsmut as a model fungus. In

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