Titlebook: ;

Psa617

,British policy and loans to China 1911–14,nsortium for arranging loans to the Chinese government. The consortium had originally been formed at British instigation with the aim of terminating the extreme competition among foreign firms for loan business. The competition was undesirable from the British viewpoint, as loans were extended witho

annexation

,Great Britain, Japan and the Yangtze, 1913–14 January 1913—August 1914,p 1). This vast region had been opened up by British traders from the middle of the nineteenth century onwards and British trade was still dominant in 1913. The challenge of foreign traders increased rapidly in the 1890s, German traders being especially formidable. The doctrine of the ‘open door’, a

拍下盗公款

,The Anglo-Japanese alliance and the outbreak of war August–December 1914,Tokyo prepared a report in January 1914, which concluded that Japan’s position as a world power was likely to decline rather than develop, owing to the scarcity of domestic loan capital and the difficulty of securing foreign loans; further the Russian recovery from the war of 1904–5, exemplified in

GLEAN

The Twenty-one Demands,ry 1915. In twentieth century Far Eastern history, the demands have occupied a significant position, most historians regarding them as one of the first Japanese attempts to dominate China rnd thus constituting a sombre warning of the developments that came two decades later, culminating in full-scal

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inchoate

,Great Britain, Japan and the Yangtze, 1913–14 January 1913—August 1914, understood to dominate the Yangtze valley and eastern Kwangtung, the province in which Hong Kong was situated; France to dominate Yunnan, Kwangsi and western Kwangtung; Germany to dominate Shantung, Russia to dominate Sinkiang, Outer Mongolia and north Manchuria; and Japan to dominate Fukien (oppos