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Gravitropism in Higher Plants: Molecular Aspects,d in response to it. Plants are at the same time positively and negatively gravitropic, using the Earth’s gravity to define their stature both above and below ground. Here we review some of the signaling pathways which use the plant hormone auxin to carry information on orientation from regions of p

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31261-9er the eons, temperatures constantly change, and the light intensity undergoes seasonal and daily cycles. All forms of life are permanently exposed to gravity and it can be assumed that almost all organisms have developed sensors and respond in one way or the other to the unidirectional acceleration

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Béatrice L’Azou,Francelyne Maranovitational biology and biomedical research providing either an almost stimulus-free microgravity environment (near weightlessness) of different duration and boundary conditions. The spectrum of real-microgravity research platforms is complemented by devices which are used to either increase the grav

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Ioannis Raptis,George P. Patsisment by gravity is called gravitaxis and can be positive (downward swimming) or negative (upward swimming). In addition, some ciliates modify their velocity according to the swimming direction (gravikinesis). Earth-bound research and experimentation under simulated and real microgravity have reveale

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