Titlebook: ;

Morsel

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03421-2y. This chapter describes how . became a widespread crop species throughout the Near East and Europe during Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Ages, and thereafter and the implications that were brought by vegetative propagation of existing cultivars, new cultivars, and new clones in terms of vine vigor, yield, berry composition, and wine quality.

lethal

The Grapevine, Viticulture, and Winemaking: A Brief Introductiony. This chapter describes how . became a widespread crop species throughout the Near East and Europe during Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Ages, and thereafter and the implications that were brought by vegetative propagation of existing cultivars, new cultivars, and new clones in terms of vine vigor, yield, berry composition, and wine quality.

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倔强不能

Other Grapevine Viruses of Lesser Economic Importancerelevant economic impact regionally, except for a few of them (RBDV, GRLDaV, and GINV). Medium- and long-distance dissemination occurs via infected propagative material, whereas local spread is mediated by the eriophyid mite . (GINV) and, as hypothesized but not proven, by the nematode . (RBDV).

Synchronism

DEVIL

An Overview on Grapevine Viruses, Viroids, and the Diseases They Cause. Vectors include dorylamoid nematodes, pseudoccocid mealybugs, soft scale insects, eriophyid mites, and a treehopper. A brief historical account of the major disease complexes is given and of the presumptive origins of their recognized or putative agents.

Opponent

Camouflage

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05262-9ase complexes known as (1) infectious degeneration (12 Eurasian/European/Mediterranean nepoviruses) and decline (four American nepoviruses), (2) leafroll (five viruses), (3) rugose wood (six viruses), and (4) fleck (four viruses). By contrast, seven grapevine-infecting viroids are known, of which on

abstemious

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03698-8 . (GCMV), . (GBLV), . (RpRSV), . (AILV), and . (CLRV); north African (Tunisia), i.e., . (GTRSV); and Asiatic (Turkey and Iran), i.e., . (GDeV) and . (GARSV). Only four of these viruses (GFLV, ArMV, RpRSV, and TBRV) have ectoparasitic longidorid nematodes belonging to the genera ., and . as recogniz

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