Titlebook: Goods and Services of Marine Bivalves; Aad C. Smaal,Joao G. Ferreira,Øivind Strand Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2019 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The

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Elizabeth Skoropata,Johan van Lieropmed by the secretion of nacre from epidermal cells within mollusc mantle tissue. But particular conditions are required for loose natural pearls to form and this occurrence is rare. However, utilization of this process for cultured pearl production now supports industries in more than 30 countries i

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Magnetic Components for Power Electronicsto extract particles, to regenerate as well as store nutrients and – for the epibenthic bivalves –, their capacity to form hard structures. These services can be applied in many ways as is exemplified in this section. It seems likely that more applicable functions will emerge from the studies review

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Magnetic Interactions and Spin Transportd CO. release during biogenic calcification; however, this individual-based approach neglects important ecosystem interactions that occur at the population level, e.g. the interaction with phytoplankton populations and benthic-pelagic coupling, which in turn can significantly alter the CO. cycle. Th

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Chengqian Zhang,Zhezai Hu,Jun Xie,Peng Zhaonsional structure and the aggregations are called bivalve beds or reefs. These persistent aggregations form a biogenic habitat for many other species. Bivalve beds, therefore, often have, in comparison with the surrounding areas, a high biodiversity value and can be seen as hotspots for biodiversity