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Titlebook: Geometry: Euclid and Beyond; Robin Hartshorne Textbook 2000 Robin Hartshorne 2000 Area.Euclid.Euclid‘s Elements.Geometry.Non-Euclidean Geo

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发表于 2025-3-21 20:09:35 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
书目名称Geometry: Euclid and Beyond
编辑Robin Hartshorne
视频video
丛书名称Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics
图书封面Titlebook: Geometry: Euclid and Beyond;  Robin Hartshorne Textbook 2000 Robin Hartshorne 2000 Area.Euclid.Euclid‘s Elements.Geometry.Non-Euclidean Geo
描述In recent years, I have been teaching a junior-senior-level course on the classi­ cal geometries. This book has grown out of that teaching experience. I assume only high-school geometry and some abstract algebra. The course begins in Chapter 1 with a critical examination of Euclid‘s Elements. Students are expected to read concurrently Books I-IV of Euclid‘s text, which must be obtained sepa­ rately. The remainder of the book is an exploration of questions that arise natu­ rally from this reading, together with their modern answers. To shore up the foundations we use Hilbert‘s axioms. The Cartesian plane over a field provides an analytic model of the theory, and conversely, we see that one can introduce coordinates into an abstract geometry. The theory of area is analyzed by cutting figures into triangles. The algebra of field extensions provides a method for deciding which geometrical constructions are possible. The investigation of the parallel postulate leads to the various non-Euclidean geometries. And in the last chapter we provide what is missing from Euclid‘s treatment of the five Platonic solids in Book XIII of the Elements. For a one-semester course such as I teach, Chapter
出版日期Textbook 2000
关键词Area; Euclid; Euclid‘s Elements; Geometry; Non-Euclidean Geometry
版次1
doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22676-7
isbn_softcover978-1-4419-3145-0
isbn_ebook978-0-387-22676-7Series ISSN 0172-6056 Series E-ISSN 2197-5604
issn_series 0172-6056
copyrightRobin Hartshorne 2000
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Electrification Phenomena in Rocksdecessors Pythagoras, Theaetetus, and Eudoxus into one magnificent edifice. This book soon became the standard for geometry in the classical world. With the decline of the great civilizations of Athens and Rome, it moved eastward to the center of Arabic learning in the court of the caliphs at Baghda
发表于 2025-3-22 06:32:43 | 显示全部楼层
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3026-0way of recording ruler and compass constructions so that we can measure their complexity. We discuss what are presumably familiar notions from high school geometry as it is taught today. And then we present Euclid’s construction of the regular pentagon and discuss its proof.
发表于 2025-3-22 09:18:09 | 显示全部楼层
Surface Thermodynamics of Solid Electrode,ient by modern standards of rigor to supply the foundation for Euclid‘s geometry. This will mean also axiomatizing those arguments where he used intuition, or said nothing. In particular, the axioms for betweenness, based on the work of Pasch in the 1880s, are the most striking innovation in this se
发表于 2025-3-22 15:36:39 | 显示全部楼层
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3497-2d. The axioms of incidence are valid over any field (Section 14). For the notion of betweenness we need an ordered field (Section 15). For the axiom (C1) on transferring a line segment to a given ray, we need a property (*) on the existence of certain square roots in the field .. To carry out Euclid
发表于 2025-3-22 17:36:41 | 显示全部楼层
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04591-3 geometries over fields studied in Chapter 3. We will show how to define addition and multiplication of line segments in a Hilbert plane satisfying the parallel axiom (P). In this way, the congruence equivalence classes of line segments become the positive elements of an ordered field . (Section 19)
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Electroacoustical Reference Datang that two figures have equal content if we can transform one figure into the other by adding and subtracting congruent triangles (Section 22). We can prove all the properties of area that Euclid uses, except that “the whole is greater than the part.” This is established only when we relate the geo
发表于 2025-3-23 03:52:34 | 显示全部楼层
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6211-8Because of the construction of the field of segment arithmetic, one could even argue that the use of fields in Chapter 4 arises naturally from the geometry. In this chapter, however, we will make use of modern algebra, the theory of equations and field extensions, and in particular the Galois theory
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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1715-7nd developed in all its glory by Bolyai and Lobachevsky. The purpose of this chapter is to give an account of this theory, but we do not always follow the historical development. Rather, with hindsight we use those methods that seem to shed the most light on the subject. For example, continuity argu
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